{"id":175,"date":"2015-02-04T08:31:18","date_gmt":"2015-02-04T16:31:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/gpa\/?page_id=175"},"modified":"2015-02-11T09:47:28","modified_gmt":"2015-02-11T17:47:28","slug":"reinforced-soil-wall","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/gpa\/retaining-structures\/reinforced-soil-wall\/","title":{"rendered":"Reinforced Soil Wall"},"content":{"rendered":"<hr \/>\n<p>This reinforced soil wall was constructed in 1999 using Keystone blocks with geogrid reinforcements near Sacramento, California.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_304\" style=\"width: 206px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/gpa\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2015\/02\/Rein.-Soil-Wall-P1-Labeled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-304\" class=\"wp-image-304 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/gpa\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2015\/02\/Rein.-Soil-Wall-P1-Labeled-196x300.jpg\" alt=\"This photo shows a lower row of Keystone blocks, with the geogrid reinforcement extending to the right side.\" width=\"196\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/gpa\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2015\/02\/Rein.-Soil-Wall-P1-Labeled-196x300.jpg 196w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/gpa\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2015\/02\/Rein.-Soil-Wall-P1-Labeled-98x150.jpg 98w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/gpa\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2015\/02\/Rein.-Soil-Wall-P1-Labeled.jpg 487w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 196px) 100vw, 196px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-304\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">This photo shows a lower row of Keystone blocks, with the geogrid reinforcement extending to the right side.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_305\" style=\"width: 207px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/gpa\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2015\/02\/Rein.-Soil-Wall-P2-Labeled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-305\" class=\"wp-image-305 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/gpa\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2015\/02\/Rein.-Soil-Wall-P2-Labeled-197x300.jpg\" alt=\"Coarse sand is packed in and around the blocks. The top surfaces of the blocks must be swept free of soil before the next level of blocks can be placed. Dowels are placed in the small-diameter holes in the blocks, and connect the upper blocks to the lower blocks in an overlapping sequence.\" width=\"197\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/gpa\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2015\/02\/Rein.-Soil-Wall-P2-Labeled-197x300.jpg 197w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/gpa\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2015\/02\/Rein.-Soil-Wall-P2-Labeled-99x150.jpg 99w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/gpa\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2015\/02\/Rein.-Soil-Wall-P2-Labeled.jpg 487w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 197px) 100vw, 197px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-305\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Coarse sand is packed in and around the blocks. The top surfaces of the blocks must be swept free of soil before the next level of blocks can be placed. Dowels are placed in the small-diameter holes in the blocks, and connect the upper blocks to the lower blocks in an overlapping sequence.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_306\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/gpa\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2015\/02\/Rein.-Soil-Wall-P3-Labeled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-306\" class=\"wp-image-306 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/gpa\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2015\/02\/Rein.-Soil-Wall-P3-Labeled-300x196.jpg\" alt=\"Sheets of geosynthetic &quot;geogrid&quot; are the reinforcement for the soil backfill. The front-end loader was used to place coarse sand \/ pea gravel directly behind the keystone blocks (left side of photo) to act as a drainage layer.\" width=\"300\" height=\"196\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/gpa\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2015\/02\/Rein.-Soil-Wall-P3-Labeled-300x196.jpg 300w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/gpa\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2015\/02\/Rein.-Soil-Wall-P3-Labeled-230x150.jpg 230w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/gpa\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2015\/02\/Rein.-Soil-Wall-P3-Labeled-150x98.jpg 150w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/gpa\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2015\/02\/Rein.-Soil-Wall-P3-Labeled.jpg 743w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-306\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sheets of geosynthetic &#8220;geogrid&#8221; are the reinforcement for the soil backfill. The front-end loader was used to place coarse sand \/ pea gravel directly behind the keystone blocks (left side of photo) to act as a drainage layer.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_307\" style=\"width: 205px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/gpa\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2015\/02\/Rein.-Soil-Wall-P4-Labeled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-307\" class=\"wp-image-307 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/gpa\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2015\/02\/Rein.-Soil-Wall-P4-Labeled-195x300.jpg\" alt=\"The geogrid is sandwiched between the facing blocks, and is hooked over the dowels that connect the blocks.\" width=\"195\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/gpa\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2015\/02\/Rein.-Soil-Wall-P4-Labeled-195x300.jpg 195w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/gpa\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2015\/02\/Rein.-Soil-Wall-P4-Labeled-98x150.jpg 98w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/gpa\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2015\/02\/Rein.-Soil-Wall-P4-Labeled.jpg 485w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 195px) 100vw, 195px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-307\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The geogrid is sandwiched between the facing blocks, and is hooked over the dowels that connect the blocks.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_308\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/gpa\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2015\/02\/Rein.-Soil-Wall-P5-Labeled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-308\" class=\"wp-image-308 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/gpa\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2015\/02\/Rein.-Soil-Wall-P5-Labeled-300x194.jpg\" alt=\"A view of the exposed face of the wall as construction progresses.\" width=\"300\" height=\"194\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/gpa\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2015\/02\/Rein.-Soil-Wall-P5-Labeled-300x194.jpg 300w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/gpa\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2015\/02\/Rein.-Soil-Wall-P5-Labeled-232x150.jpg 232w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/gpa\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2015\/02\/Rein.-Soil-Wall-P5-Labeled-150x97.jpg 150w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/gpa\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2015\/02\/Rein.-Soil-Wall-P5-Labeled.jpg 751w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-308\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A view of the exposed face of the wall as construction progresses.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_309\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/gpa\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2015\/02\/Rein.-Soil-Wall-P6-Labeled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-309\" class=\"wp-image-309 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/gpa\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2015\/02\/Rein.-Soil-Wall-P6-Labeled-300x196.jpg\" alt=\"The wall is stepped-back at this location. The white PVC pipes are drain lines that connect to the drainage layer directly behind the blocks.\" width=\"300\" height=\"196\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/gpa\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2015\/02\/Rein.-Soil-Wall-P6-Labeled-300x196.jpg 300w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/gpa\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2015\/02\/Rein.-Soil-Wall-P6-Labeled-230x150.jpg 230w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/gpa\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2015\/02\/Rein.-Soil-Wall-P6-Labeled-150x98.jpg 150w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/gpa\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2015\/02\/Rein.-Soil-Wall-P6-Labeled.jpg 737w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-309\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The wall is stepped-back at this location. The white PVC pipes are drain lines that connect to the drainage layer directly behind the blocks.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_310\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/gpa\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2015\/02\/Rein.-Soil-Wall-P7-Labeled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-310\" class=\"wp-image-310 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/gpa\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2015\/02\/Rein.-Soil-Wall-P7-Labeled-300x193.jpg\" alt=\"Geogrids are being laid out over a completed row of blocks. The two scrapers (earth-moving equipment in the upper left) are placing fill soils behind the geogrids.\" width=\"300\" height=\"193\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/gpa\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2015\/02\/Rein.-Soil-Wall-P7-Labeled-300x193.jpg 300w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/gpa\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2015\/02\/Rein.-Soil-Wall-P7-Labeled-234x150.jpg 234w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/gpa\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2015\/02\/Rein.-Soil-Wall-P7-Labeled-150x96.jpg 150w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/gpa\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2015\/02\/Rein.-Soil-Wall-P7-Labeled.jpg 755w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-310\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Geogrids are being laid out over a completed row of blocks. The two scrapers (earth-moving equipment in the upper left) are placing fill soils behind the geogrids.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_311\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/gpa\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2015\/02\/Rein.-Soil-Wall-P8-Labeled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-311\" class=\"wp-image-311 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/gpa\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2015\/02\/Rein.-Soil-Wall-P8-Labeled-300x196.jpg\" alt=\"The backhoe in the background spreads the fill materials out over the geogrid. Care must be taken not to damage the geogrids by driving equipment over the unprotected grid. Wood stakes are used to stretch the geogrid flat and hold it in place while the soil is placed over it.\" width=\"300\" height=\"196\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/gpa\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2015\/02\/Rein.-Soil-Wall-P8-Labeled-300x196.jpg 300w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/gpa\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2015\/02\/Rein.-Soil-Wall-P8-Labeled-230x150.jpg 230w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/gpa\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2015\/02\/Rein.-Soil-Wall-P8-Labeled-150x98.jpg 150w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/gpa\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2015\/02\/Rein.-Soil-Wall-P8-Labeled.jpg 749w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-311\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The backhoe in the background spreads the fill materials out over the geogrid. Care must be taken not to damage the geogrids by driving equipment over the unprotected grid. Wood stakes are used to stretch the geogrid flat and hold it in place while the soil is placed over it.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_312\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/gpa\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2015\/02\/Rein.-Soil-Wall-P9-Labeled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-312\" class=\"wp-image-312 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/gpa\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2015\/02\/Rein.-Soil-Wall-P9-Labeled-300x196.jpg\" alt=\"Another row of blocks is being placed, with the geogrid sandwiched between the overlapping blocks. The front-end loader is placing the drainage layer in the background.\" width=\"300\" height=\"196\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/gpa\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2015\/02\/Rein.-Soil-Wall-P9-Labeled-300x196.jpg 300w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/gpa\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2015\/02\/Rein.-Soil-Wall-P9-Labeled-230x150.jpg 230w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/gpa\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2015\/02\/Rein.-Soil-Wall-P9-Labeled-150x98.jpg 150w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/gpa\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2015\/02\/Rein.-Soil-Wall-P9-Labeled.jpg 749w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-312\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Another row of blocks is being placed, with the geogrid sandwiched between the overlapping blocks. The front-end loader is placing the drainage layer in the background.<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This reinforced soil wall was constructed in 1999 using Keystone blocks with geogrid reinforcements near Sacramento, California.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"parent":40,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"template-twocolumns-left.php","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-175","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/gpa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/175","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/gpa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/gpa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/gpa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/gpa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=175"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/gpa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/175\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":203,"href":"https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/gpa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/175\/revisions\/203"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/gpa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/40"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/gpa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=175"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}