{"id":14,"date":"2015-12-23T15:12:24","date_gmt":"2015-12-23T23:12:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/?page_id=14"},"modified":"2026-04-09T20:44:51","modified_gmt":"2026-04-10T04:44:51","slug":"experimental-validation-and-water-table","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/experimental-validation-and-water-table\/","title":{"rendered":"Experimental Validation and Water Table"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The experiments demonstrating the high speed compressible flow field around the airfoil including possible shock waves are in general very expensive. In this study, a water table built by students with very little cost will be used. The water table can simulate the physics of gas flow, but much cheaper than a wind tunnel.<br \/>\nThe idea behind the water table is based on the hydraulic analogy. To explain the theory, consider a thin layer of water on a flat plate.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"9 SCIENCE&amp;KITCHEN. CI\u00c8NCIA Y COCINA\/CUINA Water at the sink. Agua en el fregadero. Aigua a la pica\" width=\"730\" height=\"548\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/sWtoph3wPo4?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>The surface wave can be related to two-dimensional compressible fluid flow under the isentropic condition. As discussed for &#8220;Design and Computational Analysis&#8221;, the governing equations representing conservation laws of mass, momentum and energy together with boundary conditions determine the pressure, the density and the velocity components of the fluid particles. On the other hand, the governing equations for the thin water layer (of incompressible fluid flow) are the conservation of mass and momentum while the pressure is related to the height of the water column via the hydrostatic equation. The analogy between the two formulations yields the following. The height of the water column in the water table is related to the density of a two dimensional compressible flow over a similar geometry.<\/p>\n<p>It can be shown that the temperature is also proportional to the height of the water column if the ratio of specific heats is equal to 2 (for air this ratio is 1.4). Furthermore, the pressure is proportional to the square of the height of the water column. These relations can be used under the conditions mentioned to present the compressible flow field including shock waves, in terms of the height of the surface water in the water table. The analogy is valid qualitatively and quantitatively.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-326\" src=\"http:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2015\/12\/bow-shock-and-diamond.jpg\" alt=\"Pictures of two shapes making shock waves in water\" width=\"529\" height=\"196\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2015\/12\/bow-shock-and-diamond.jpg 802w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2015\/12\/bow-shock-and-diamond-300x111.jpg 300w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2015\/12\/bow-shock-and-diamond-768x284.jpg 768w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2015\/12\/bow-shock-and-diamond-250x93.jpg 250w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2015\/12\/bow-shock-and-diamond-150x56.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 529px) 100vw, 529px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><b>Left: Diamond-shape airfoil with attached shock; right: cylinder with detached bow shock<\/b><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-325 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2015\/12\/nozzle-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"Picture of waves at the end of a nozzle\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2015\/12\/nozzle-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2015\/12\/nozzle-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2015\/12\/nozzle-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2015\/12\/nozzle-200x150.jpg 200w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2015\/12\/nozzle-150x113.jpg 150w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2015\/12\/nozzle.jpg 1029w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><b>Nozzle with shock at the nozzle exit<\/b><\/p>\n<p>The experimental equipment is explained in the following.<\/p>\n<h1>Generation\u00a01 Water Table: Water table with moving model<\/h1>\n<p>A model is attached to a rail and pulled through a thin layer of water. The model speed can be adjusted to speeds up to\u00a03 m\/s. The original water table components and bill of materials can be downloaded here: <a href=\"http:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2015\/12\/Water-table_CAD-drawings-and-BOM.pdf\">Water table_CAD drawings and BOM<\/a><\/p>\n<p>All additional reports are provided upon request.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_50\" style=\"width: 396px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-50\" class=\"wp-image-50\" src=\"http:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2016\/01\/Water-table.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of a Water table\" width=\"386\" height=\"355\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2016\/01\/Water-table.jpg 2328w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2016\/01\/Water-table-300x275.jpg 300w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2016\/01\/Water-table-1024x940.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2016\/01\/Water-table-163x150.jpg 163w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2016\/01\/Water-table-150x138.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 386px) 100vw, 386px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-50\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>Water table (Generation 1)<\/strong><\/p><\/div>\n<p>The existing table is improved by three different modules: water height measurement, quick release for parts, and advanced movement control. <a href=\"http:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2015\/12\/Water-table-modules.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-72\" src=\"http:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2015\/12\/Water-table-modules.jpg\" alt=\"Diagram of Water table modules\" width=\"524\" height=\"110\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2015\/12\/Water-table-modules.jpg 681w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2015\/12\/Water-table-modules-300x63.jpg 300w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2015\/12\/Water-table-modules-250x52.jpg 250w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2015\/12\/Water-table-modules-150x31.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 524px) 100vw, 524px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Water table update modules<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-219 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2015\/12\/Water-Table-1024x504.jpg\" alt=\"Diagram of the Water Table dimensions\" width=\"730\" height=\"359\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2015\/12\/Water-Table-1024x504.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2015\/12\/Water-Table-300x148.jpg 300w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2015\/12\/Water-Table-250x123.jpg 250w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2015\/12\/Water-Table-150x74.jpg 150w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2015\/12\/Water-Table.jpg 1535w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 730px) 100vw, 730px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Diagram for the instructional square footage needed for the Water Table and 20 students<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-268 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2015\/12\/Measurement-300x195.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of shock waves in the water table from above\" width=\"300\" height=\"195\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2015\/12\/Measurement-300x195.jpg 300w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2015\/12\/Measurement-768x499.jpg 768w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2015\/12\/Measurement-1024x665.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2015\/12\/Measurement-231x150.jpg 231w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2015\/12\/Measurement-150x97.jpg 150w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2015\/12\/Measurement.jpg 1235w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\u00a0 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-321\" src=\"http:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2015\/12\/Water-table-3-300x168.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of the height measurement system at the water table\" width=\"339\" height=\"190\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2015\/12\/Water-table-3-300x168.jpg 300w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2015\/12\/Water-table-3-250x140.jpg 250w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2015\/12\/Water-table-3-150x84.jpg 150w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2015\/12\/Water-table-3.jpg 464w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 339px) 100vw, 339px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>Module 1: Measurement of wave height and angle by image processing of fringe line distortion\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-267 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2015\/12\/Indexible-Mount_image-4-300x273.jpg\" alt=\"Drawing of the sample mount\" width=\"300\" height=\"273\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2015\/12\/Indexible-Mount_image-4-300x273.jpg 300w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2015\/12\/Indexible-Mount_image-4-165x150.jpg 165w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2015\/12\/Indexible-Mount_image-4-150x136.jpg 150w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2015\/12\/Indexible-Mount_image-4.jpg 533w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\u00a0\u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-228 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2016\/03\/IMG_1466-300x168.jpg\" alt=\"Sample in the water table \" width=\"300\" height=\"168\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2016\/03\/IMG_1466-300x168.jpg 300w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2016\/03\/IMG_1466-768x431.jpg 768w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2016\/03\/IMG_1466-1024x575.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2016\/03\/IMG_1466-250x140.jpg 250w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2016\/03\/IMG_1466-150x84.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Module 2: Quick-release mount (able to index the airfoils under certain angles)<\/strong><\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: left\">Generation 2 Water Table: Inclined water table<\/h1>\n<p>The inclined water table allows to have a stationary model. The water height and velocity are controlled by the water height in the tank, gate height, and ramp inclination angle. Another variant uses\u00a0a pump to continuously circulate the water. The pump flow rate has to be considered.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-319\" src=\"http:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2015\/12\/Inclined-water-table-300x193.jpg\" alt=\"Diagram of another water table design\" width=\"351\" height=\"226\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2015\/12\/Inclined-water-table-300x193.jpg 300w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2015\/12\/Inclined-water-table-768x495.jpg 768w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2015\/12\/Inclined-water-table-1024x660.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2015\/12\/Inclined-water-table-233x150.jpg 233w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2015\/12\/Inclined-water-table-150x97.jpg 150w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2015\/12\/Inclined-water-table.jpg 1335w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 351px) 100vw, 351px\" \/>\u00a0 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-318\" src=\"http:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2015\/12\/Inclined-water-table-2-300x199.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of students with the new water table design\" width=\"341\" height=\"226\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2015\/12\/Inclined-water-table-2-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2015\/12\/Inclined-water-table-2-768x509.jpg 768w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2015\/12\/Inclined-water-table-2-1024x678.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2015\/12\/Inclined-water-table-2-227x150.jpg 227w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2015\/12\/Inclined-water-table-2-150x99.jpg 150w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2015\/12\/Inclined-water-table-2.jpg 1483w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 341px) 100vw, 341px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Next generation\u00a0Inclined water table with pump<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-344 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2018\/03\/Water-table-simple-300x160.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of sample moved by hand\" width=\"300\" height=\"160\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2018\/03\/Water-table-simple-300x160.jpg 300w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2018\/03\/Water-table-simple-768x409.jpg 768w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2018\/03\/Water-table-simple-1024x545.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2018\/03\/Water-table-simple-250x133.jpg 250w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2018\/03\/Water-table-simple-150x80.jpg 150w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2018\/03\/Water-table-simple.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-346\" src=\"https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2018\/03\/Water-table-simple_nozzle-300x182.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of nozzle sample moved by hand\" width=\"260\" height=\"158\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2018\/03\/Water-table-simple_nozzle-300x182.jpg 300w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2018\/03\/Water-table-simple_nozzle-768x467.jpg 768w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2018\/03\/Water-table-simple_nozzle-1024x623.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2018\/03\/Water-table-simple_nozzle-247x150.jpg 247w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2018\/03\/Water-table-simple_nozzle-150x91.jpg 150w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2018\/03\/Water-table-simple_nozzle.jpg 1108w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 260px) 100vw, 260px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-345\" src=\"https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2018\/03\/Water-table-simple_blunt-edge-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of sample moved by hand\" width=\"241\" height=\"161\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2018\/03\/Water-table-simple_blunt-edge-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2018\/03\/Water-table-simple_blunt-edge-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2018\/03\/Water-table-simple_blunt-edge-225x150.jpg 225w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2018\/03\/Water-table-simple_blunt-edge-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2018\/03\/Water-table-simple_blunt-edge.jpg 1013w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 241px) 100vw, 241px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Simple, inclined water table with sheet metal and hose<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Learning goals for experimental validation:<br \/>\n\u2022 The students will learn how their designed and manufactured model behaves in a real-time experimental setting.<br \/>\n\u2022 The students will understand how potential deviations between theory and practice can be explained by simplifications in the design process, imprecision\u00a0on the manufacturing process or simplifications in the validation process.<br \/>\n\u2022 The students will experience a complete aerospace engineering project similar to industrial, real world challenges to engineers.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>References:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>[1] M. Hafez, F. Jan, B. Linke, I. Garretson, Hydraulic analogy and visualisation of two-dimensional compressible fluid flows: part 2: water table experiments, Int. J. of Aerodynamics, 2018 Vol.6, No.1, pp.67 \u2013 82, DOI: 10.1504\/IJAD.2018.089775<\/p>\n<p>[2] Hafez, A. Chuen and A. Burkhead (2018). Simulations of Shallow Water Surface Waves and Comparison with Water Table Experiments, Tenth International Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics (ICCFD10), Barcelona, Spain, July 9-13, 2018<\/p>\n<p>[3] Hafez, A. Chuen, A. Burkhead (2018). Simulations of shallow water surface waves and comparison with water table experiments, International Journal of Aerodynamics ( in press)<\/p>\n<p>[4] Ian C. Garretson, Fran\u00e7ois M. Torner, J\u00f6rg Seewig, Barbara S. Linke. An Algorithm for Measuring the Hydraulic Jump Height of an Airfoil in a Water Table (in preparation)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The experiments demonstrating the high speed compressible flow field around the airfoil including possible shock waves are in general very expensive. In this study, a water table built by students with very little cost will be used. The water table can simulate the physics of gas flow, but much cheaper  \u2026 <a href=\"https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/experimental-validation-and-water-table\/\"> Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr; <\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-14","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14"}],"version-history":[{"count":18,"href":"https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":375,"href":"https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14\/revisions\/375"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.engineering.ucdavis.edu\/stemaerospace\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}