1990-1999

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  1. “Metal Clusters and Supported Metal Catalysts,” B. C. Gates in “Metal-Metal Bonds and Clusters in Chemistry and Catalysis,” J. P. Fackler, Ed., Plenum, New York, 1990, p. 127.
  2. “Interaction of Ru3(CO)12 with Silanol and Silanolate Groups. X-Ray Crystal Structure of (µ-H)Ru3(CO)10(µ-OSiEt3), a Molecular Analogue of a Silica-Supported Metal Cluster,” J. Puga, T. P. Fehlner, B. C. Gates, D. Braga, and F. Grepioni, Inorganic Chemistry, 29, 2376 (1990).
  3. “A Well-Defined Supported Metal Catalyst: Ir4/MgO,” S. D. Maloney, F. B. M. van Zon, M. J. Kelley, D. C. Koningsberger, and B. C. Gates, Catalysis Letters, 5, 161 (1990).
  4. “Catalysts, Polymer-Supported,” B. C. Gates and J. Lieto in “Concise Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering,” J. I. Kroschwitz, Ed., Wiley, New York, 1990, p. 110.
  5. “Surface Catalytic Sites Prepared from [HRe(CO)5] and [H3Re3(CO)12]: Mononuclear, Trinuclear, and Metallic Rhenium Catalysts Supported on MgO,” P. S. Kirlin, F. B. M. van Zon, D. C. Koningsberger, and B. C. Gates, Journal of Physical Chemistry, 94, 8439 (1990).
  6. “Mononuclear, Trinuclear, and Metallic Rhenium Catalysts Supported on MgO: Effects of Structure on Catalyst Performance,” P. S. Kirlin, H. Knözinger, and B. C. Gates, Journal of Physical Chemistry, 94, 8451 (1990).
  7. “A Structurally Simple Supported Metal Catalyst Prepared from Decaosmium Carbonyl Clusters on MgO,” H. H. Lamb, M. Wolfer, and B. C. Gates, Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications, 1990, 1296.
  8. “Deactivation of a Ni-Mo/g-Al2O3 Catalyst: Influence of Coke on the Hydroprocessing Activity,” F. Diez, B. C. Gates, J. T. Miller, D. J. Sajkowski, and S. G. Kukes, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 29, 1999 (1990).
  9. “Pt Clusters in BaKL Zeolite: Characterization by Transmission Electron Microscopy, Hydrogen Chemisorption, and X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy,” M. Vaarkamp, J. V. Grondelle, J. T. Miller, D. J. Sajkowski, F. S. Modica, G. S. Lane, B. C. Gates, and D. C. Koningsberger, Catalysis Letters, 6, 369 (1990).
  10. “Rhodium Supported in Basic Zeolite Y: a Selective and Stable Catalyst for CO Hydrogenation,” T. J. Lee and B. C. Gates, Catalysis Letters, 8, 15 (1991).
  11. “Cationic Trirhenium Rafts on γ-Alumina: Characterization by X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy,” A. S. Fung, P. A. Tooley, D. C. Koningsberger, M. J. Kelley and B. C. Gates, Journal of Physical Chemistry, 95, 225 (1991).
  12. “Catalytic Hydrogenation and Hydrocracking of Fluorene: Reaction Pathways, Kinetics and Mechanisms,” A. T. Lapinas, M. T. Klein, B. C. Gates, A. Macris, and J. Lyons, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 29, 42 (1991).
  13. “Design of a Stable, Selective Catalyst for CO Hydrogenation: Osmium in Basic Y Zeolite,” P. L. Zhou, S. D. Maloney, and B. C. Gates, Journal of Catalysis, 129, 315 (1991).
  14. “Surface-Mediated Organometallic Synthesis: Preparation of [Pt3(CO)6]n2-(n = 3, 4) by the Carbonylation of Platinum Complexes on MgO under CO and CO + H2,” J. Puga, R. Patrini, K. M. Sanchez, and B. C. Gates, Inorganic Chemistry, 30, 2479 (1991).
  15. “Osmium Carbonyl Clusters in Basic Zeolite Y: Characterization by Extended X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy,” S. D. Maloney, P.L. Zhou, M. J. Kelley, and B. C. Gates, Journal of Physical Chemistry, 95, 5409 (1991).
  16. “Rates of Isobutane Cracking Catalyzed by HZSM-5: the Carbonium Ion Route,” C. Stefanadis, W. O. Haag, and B. C. Gates, Journal of Molecular Catalysis, 67, 363 (1991).
  17. “Reactivities, Reaction Networks, and Kinetics in High-Pressure Catalytic Hydroprocessing,” M. J. Girgis and B. C. Gates, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 30, 2021 (1991).
  18. “Reversible Carbonylation/Decarbonylation of Zeolite-Entrapped Tetrairidium Clusters,” S. Kawi and B. C. Gates, Catalysis Letters, 10, 263 (1991).
  19. “Chemistry in Cages: Synthesis and Reversible Decarbonylation of [Ir6(CO)16]Isomers in NaY Zeolite,” S. Kawi and B. C. Gates, Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications, 1991, 994.
  20. “Hexanuclear Iridium Clusters Supported on Magnesium Oxide,” S. D. Maloney, M. J. Kelley, D. C. Koningsberger, and B. C. Gates, Journal of Physical Chemistry, 95, 9406 (1991).
  21. “Mononuclear Rhenium Carbonyls on MgO: Characterization of the Metal-Support Interface by Extended X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy,” J.R. Chang, L. U. Gron, A. Honji, K. M. Sanchez, and B. C. Gates, Journal of Physical Chemistry, 95, 9944 (1991).
  22. “Rhodium Carbonyl Clusters in NaY Zeolite made Basic by Treatment with Sodium Azide: Characterization by Infrared Spectroscopy,” L. Basini, R. Patrini, A. Aragno, and B. C. Gates, Journal of Molecular Catalysis, 70, 29 (1991).
  23. “Rhenium Subcarbonyls on Magnesium Oxide: Identification of the Surface Oxo and Hydroxo Ligands by Infrared Spectroscopy,” C. J. Papile and B. C. Gates, Langmuir, 8, 74 (1992).
  24. “MgO-Supported CO Hydrogenation Catalysts Derived from [H3ReOs3(CO)13],” A. S. Fung, M. J. Kelley, and B. C. Gates, Journal of Molecular Catalysis, 71, 215 (1992).
  25. “Characterization of Decaosmium Carbido Carbonyl Clusters Supported on MgO,” H. H. Lamb and B. C. Gates, Journal of Physical Chemistry, 96, 1099 (1992).
  26. “Rhodium in Basic Zeolite Y: a Stable, Selective Catalyst for CO Hydrogenation, T. J. Lee and B. C. Gates, Journal of Molecular Catalysis, 71, 335 (1992).
  27. “Monomolecular and Bimolecular Mechanisms of Paraffin Cracking: n-Butane Cracking Catalyzed by HZSM-5,” H. Krannila, W. O. Haag, and B. C. Gates, Journal of Catalysis, 135, 115 (1992).
  28. “Structures of Supported Metal Clusters,” B. C. Gates and D. C. Koningsberger, CHEMTECH, 22, 300 (1992).
  29. “[Ir6(CO)15]2- in NaX Zeolite: Catalyst for CO Hydrogenation,” S. Kawi and B. C. Gates, Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications, 1992, 702.
  30. “Surface-Mediated Organometallic Synthesis: Formation of [HIr4(CO)11]–, [Ir6(CO)15]2–, and [Ir8(CO)22]2- on the Basic Magnesium Oxide Surface,” S. Kawi and B. C. Gates, Inorganic Chemistry, 31, 2939 (1992).
  31. “Deactivation of a Coal Liquefaction Catalyst: Characterization by Measurements of Catalytic Activity and Catalyst Physical Properties,” F. Diez, D. J. Sajkowski, and B. C. Gates, Fuel Processing Technology, 31, 43 (1992).
  32. “Nature of the Metal-Support Interface: Implications of X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy for Catalysis,” D. C. Koningsberger and B. C. Gates, Catalysis Letters, 14, 271 (1992).
  33. “A Structurally Simple Supported Platinum Catalyst Prepared from [Pt15(CO)30]2-on Magnesium Oxide,” J.R. Chang, D. C. Koningsberger, and B. C. Gates, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 114, 6460 (1992).
  34. “Surface-Mediated Organometallic Synthesis: Formation of [Ir8(CO)22]2- from [Ir4(CO)12] on Magnesium Oxide,” S. D. Maloney, M. J. Kelley, and B. C. Gates, Journal of Organometallic Chemistry, 435, 377 (1992).
  35. “Zirconium Oxide Supported on Pd(100): Characterization by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Tunneling Spectroscopy,” K. Asakura, Y. Iwasawa, S. K. Purnell, B. A. Watson, M. A. Barteau, and B. C. Gates, Catalysis Letters, 15, 317 (1992).
  36. “Efficient Cleavage of Biphenyl Moieties: a New Reaction Pathway in Catalytic Hydrocracking,” M. T. Klein, A. T. Lapinas, B . C. Gates, C. J. Read, J. E. Lyons, and A. Macris, Journal of Catalysis, 137, 504 (1992).
  37. “A Highly Active Solid Superacid Catalyst for n-Butane Isomerization: A Sulfated Oxide Containing Iron, Manganese, and Zirconium,” C.Y. Hsu, C. R. Heimbuch, C. T. Armes, and B. C. Gates, Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications, 1992, 1645.
  38. “Ligand Effects in Supported Metal Catalysts: X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy of Rhenium Subcarbonyls on Magnesium Oxide,” A. Honji, L. U. Gron, J.R. Chang, and B. C. Gates, Langmuir, 8, 2715 (1992).
  39. “Reaction of Barium bis(b-Dikentoate) Complexes with the Surface of Magnesium Oxide,” R. A. Gardner, P. S. Kirlin, G. A. M. Hussein, and B. C. Gates, Materials Research Society Proceedings, 271, 933 (1992).
  40. “Catalysis,” a chapter for the Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, B. C. Gates, Wiley, New York, Vol. 5, pp. 320-373, 1993.
  41. “Molecular and Magnesia-Supported Tetrairidium Carbonyl Clusters: Characterization by Laser Raman Spectroscopy,” G. Mestl, N. D. Triantafillou, H. Knözinger, and B. C. Gates, Journal of Physical Chemistry, 97, 666 (1993).
  42. “A Model γ-Al2O3-Supported Re-Pt Catalyst Prepared from [Re2Pt(CO)12] 1. Synthesis and Spectroscopic Characterization,” A. S. Fung, M. R. McDevitt, P. A. Tooley, M. J. Kelley, D. C. Koningsberger, and B. C. Gates, Journal of Catalysis, 140, 190 (1993).
  43. “NaY Zeolite-Supported Re-Pt Catalysts Prepared from Organometallic Precursors: Evidence of the Re-Pt Interaction from Infrared and X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopies,” S. K. Purnell, J.R. Chang, and B. C. Gates, Journal of Physical Chemistry, 97, 4196 (1993).
  44. “Extending the Metal Cluster-Metal Surface Analogy,” B. C. Gates, Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in English, 32, 228 (1993).
  45. “Tetrairidium Clusters Supported on γ-Al2O3: Formation from [Ir4(CO)12] and CO-Induced Morphology Changes,” S. Kawi, J.R. Chang, and B. C. Gates, Journal of Physical Chemistry, 97, 5375 (1993).
  46. “Osmium Subcarbonyls on γ-Alumina: Characterization of the Metal-Support Bonding by Infrared, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, and X-ray Absorption Spectroscopies,” S. E. Deutsch, J.-R. Chang, and B. C. Gates, Langmuir, 9, 1284 (1993).
  47. “Tetra- and Hexanuclear Iridium Clusters in NaY Zeolite: Characterization by Infrared Spectroscopy,” T. Beutel, S. Kawi, S. K. Purnell, H. Knözinger, and B. C. Gates, Journal of Physical Chemistry, 97, 7284 (1993).
  48. “Iridium Clusters in NaX Zeolite Cages: Synthesis, Characterization, and Selective Catalysis of CO Hydrogenation,” S. Kawi, J.R. Chang, and B. C. Gates, Journal of Catalysis, 142, 585 (1993).
  49. “[Pt6(CO)12]2- and [Pt9(CO)18]2-Supported on MgO: Synthesis and Spectroscopic Characterization,” Z. Xu, A. L. Rheingold, and B. C. Gates, Journal of Physical Chemistry, 97, 9465 (1993).
  50. “Synthesis and Decarbonylation of Platinum Carbonyl cluster Anions in Zeolite NaY made basic by Treatment with CsOH,” J.R. Chang, Z. Xu, S. K. Purnell, and B. C. Gates, Journal of Molecular Catalysis, 80, 49 (1993).
  51. “Chemistry in Cages: Zeolite-Entrapped Hexairidium Cluster Catalysts,” S. Kawi, J.R. Chang, and B. C. Gates, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 115, 4830 (1993).
  52. “Characterization of NaY Zeolite-Encaged Tetrairidium Clusters by Infrared and X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopies,” S. Kawi, J.R. Chang, and B. C. Gates, Journal of Physical Chemistry, 97, 10,599 (1993).
  53. “Structure and Nature of the Metal-Support Interface: Characterization of Iridium Clusters on Magnesia by Extended X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy,” F. B. M. van Zon, S. D. Maloney, B. C. Gates, and D. C. Koningsberger, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 115, 10, 317 (1993).
  54. “Surface-Mediated Organometallic Synthesis: Formation of [Rh12(CO)30]2-and [Rh5(CO)15]– on g-Al2O3 and on MgO,” S. Kawi, Z. Xu, and B. C. Gates, Inorganic Chemistry, 33, 503 (1994).
  55. “Genesis and Growth of Pt Particles on MgO: Characterization by X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy and Infrared Spectroscopy,” S. K. Purnell, K. M. Sanchez, R. Patrini, J.R. Chang, and B. C. Gates, Journal of Physical Chemistry, 98, 1205 (1994).
  56. “Surface-Mediated Synthesis of Metal Clusters,” B. C. Gates, Journal of Molecular Catalysis, 86, 95 (1994).
  57. “Clusters in Cages,” S. Kawi and B. C. Gates, in G. Schmid, Ed., Clusters and Colloids-from Theory to Applications, VCH Publishers, Weinheim, Germany, pp. 299-372, 1994.
  58. “Genesis of a Metal Oxide Gel by the Sol-Gel Process: Evidence from Scanning Electron Microscopy,” S. Rezgui and B. C. Gates, Chemistry of Materials, 6, 339 (1994).
  59. “Adsorption of Re2(CO)10 on Ultrathin MgO Films Grown on a Mo(110) Surface: Characterization by Infrared Reflection-Absorption Spectroscopy and Temperature Programmed Desorption,” S. K. Purnell, X. Xu, D. W. Goodman, and B. C. Gates, Journal of Physical Chemistry, 98, 4076 (1994).
  60. A series of sections: Types of Catalysts, Introduction, Solid Catalysts, Metallic Catalysts, Metal Oxide and Metal Sulfide Catalysts, Soluble Catalysts, Selectivity Advantages, Process Engineering and Product Recovery Problems, Supported Metal Complexes, Phase Transfer Catalysis, Catalysis in Microscopic Phases. “Inorganic Reactions and Methods,” J. J. Zuckerman and A. D. Norman, Eds., Verlag Chemie, Vol. 16, pp. 21-45, Weinheim, 1994.
  61. “Catalytic Hydroprocessing of Simulated Heavy Coal Liquids: 1. Reactivities of Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Sulfur and Oxygen Heterocyclic Compounds,” M. J. Girgis and B. C. Gates, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 33, 1098 (1994).
  62. “Hydrodesulfurization and Hydrogenation of Aromatic Compounds Catalyzed by Ni-Mo/γ-Al2O3: Effects of Nickel and Vanadium Sulfide Deposits,” M. Yumoto, S. G. Kukes, M. T. Klein, and B. C. Gates, Catalysis Letters, 26, 1 (1994).
  63. “Surface-Mediated Synthesis of [PtRh5(CO)15]– on MgO,” Z. Xu, S. Kawi, A. L. Rheingold, and B. C. Gates, Inorganic Chemistry, 33, 4415 (1994).
  64. “Characterization of the Interaction of Hydrogen with Iridium Clusters in Zeolites by Inelastic Neutron Scattering Spectroscopy,” J. M. Nicol, T. J. Udovic, R. R. Cavanagh, Z. Xu, S. Kawi, T. Mure, and B. C. Gates, Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, 351, 189 (1994).
  65. “Magnesia-Supported Tetrairidium Clusters Derived from [Ir4(CO)12],” N. D. Triantafillou and B. C. Gates, Journal of Physical Chemistry, 98, 8431 (1994).
  66. “Deuterium Adsorbed on MgO-Supported Iridium Clusters: Characterization by Infrared and Deuterium NMR Spectroscopies,” N. D. Triantafillou, M. L. Smith, M. S. Hepp, C. R. Dybowski, and B. C. Gates, Langmuir, 10, 1793 (1994).
  67. “Adsorption and Reaction of [HRe(CO)5] on Ultrathin MgO(111) and Amorphous SiO2Films Grown on a Mo(110) Surface: Characterization by Infrared Reflection-Absorption Spectroscopy and Temperature Programmed Desorption,” S. K. Purnell, X. Xu, D. W. Goodman, and B. C. Gates, Langmuir, 10, 3057 (1994).
  68. “MgO-supported [Ir6(CO)15]2-: Catalyst for CO Hydrogenation,” S. Kawi and B. C. Gates, Journal of Catalysis, 149, 317 (1994).
  69. “Catalytic Hydroprocessing of Simulated Heavy Coal Liquids: 2. Reaction Networks of Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Sulfur and Oxygen Heterocyclic Compounds,” M. J. Girgis and B. C. Gates, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 33, 2301 (1994).
  70. “Formation of Rhenium Subcarbonyls on Magnesium Oxide from K2ReCl6,” S. K. Purnell and B. C. Gates, Journal of Molecular Catalysis, 94, L1 (1994).
  71. “Solid Superacid Catalysis: Kinetics of Butane Isomerization Catalyzed by a Sulfated Oxide containing Iron, Manganese, and Zirconium,” A. S. Zarkalis, C.Y. Hsu, and B. C. Gates, Catalysis Letters, 29, 235 (1994).
  72. “Size-dependent Catalytic Activity of Supported Metal Clusters,” Z. Xu, F.S. Xiao, S. K. Purnell, O. Alexeev, S. Kawi, S. E. Deutsch, and B. C. Gates, Nature (London), 372, 346 (1994).
  73. “Cluster Catalysis: Propane Hydrogenolysis Catalyzed by MgO-Supported Tetrairidium,” S. Kawi, J.R. Chang, and B. C. Gates, Journal of Physical Chemistry, 98, 12978 (1994).
  74. “A Family of Rhenium Subcarbonyls on MgO: Characterization by Extended X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy,” N. D. Triantafillou, S. K. Purnell, C. J. Papile, J. R. Chang, and B. C. Gates, Langmuir, 10, 4077 (1994).
  75. “Sol-Gel Synthesis of Alumina in the Presence of Acetic Acid: Distinguishing Gels and Gelatinous Precipitates by NMR Spectroscopy,” S. Rezgui and B. C. Gates, Chemistry of Materials, 6, 2386 (1994).
  76. “Chemistry of Sol-Gel Synthesis of Aluminum Oxides with in-situ Water Formation: Control of the Morphology and Texture,” S. Rezgui, B. C. Gates, S. L. Burkett, and M. E. Davis, Chemistry of Materials, 6, 2390 (1994).
  77. “Catalytic Materials,” B. C. Gates, in Materials Chemistry, L. V. Interrante, L. A. Casper, and A. B. Ellis, Eds., Advances in Chemistry Series, American Chemical Society, 1995, pp. 301-320.
  78. “Reactions of Tetrairidium Clusters on the Surface of MgO: Characterization by Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemisorption Measurements,” F.S. Xiao, Z. Xu, O. Alexeev, and B. C. Gates, Journal of Physical Chemistry, 99, 1549 (1995).
  79. “Neopentane Cracking Catalyzed by Iron- and Manganese-Promoted Sulfated Zirconia,” T.K. Cheung, J. L. d’Itri, F. C. Lange, and B. C. Gates, Catalysis Letters, 31, 153 (1995).
  80. “Preparation of Mixed Chromium and Aluminium Oxides by Sol-Gel Process,” S. Rezgui, A. Ghorbel, and B. C. Gates, Journal de Chimie Physique et de Physico-Chimie Biologique, 92, 1576 (1995).
  81. “Low-Temperature Superacid Catalysis: Reaction of n-Butane Catalyzed by Iron- and Manganese-Promoted Sulfated Zirconia, T. K. Cheung, J. L. d’Itri, and B. C. Gates, Journal of Catalysis, 151, 464 (1995).
  82. “Cracking of n-Butane Catalyzed by Iron- and Manganese-promoted Sulfated Zirconia,” T. K. Cheung, J. L. d’Itri, and B. C. Gates, Journal of Catalysis, 153, 344 (1995).
  83. “Reaction and Spectroscopic Study of Silica-supported Molybdenum (IV) and Tungsten (IV) Dimers,” D. L. Sullivan, R. D. Roark, J. G. Ekerdt, S. E. Deutsch, and B. C. Gates, Journal of Physical Chemistry, 99, 3678 (1995).
  84. “Supported Metal Clusters: Synthesis, Characterization, and Catalysis,” B. C. Gates, Chemical Reviews, 95, 511 (1995).
  85. “Highly Dispersed MgO-supported Model Pd-Mo Catalysts Prepared from Bimetallic Clusters,” S. Kawi, O. Alexeev, M. Shelef, and B. C. Gates, Journal of Physical Chemistry, 99, 6926 (1995).
  86. “Iridium Clusters in NaX Zeolite Cages: Synthesis, Reactivity, and Characterization by Infrared and Extended X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopies,” S. Kawi and B. C. Gates, Journal of Physical Chemistry, 99, 8824 (1995).
  87. “Cyclohexene Hydrogenation Catalyzed by MgO-supported Tetrairidium Clusters,” Z. Xu and B. C. Gates, Journal of Catalysis, 154, 335 (1995).
  88. “Synthesis and Characterization of Supported Metal Cluster Catalysts with Well-Defined Structures,” B. C. Gates, Materials Research Society Proceedings, 368, 189 (1995).
  89. “Iridium Clusters in K-LTL Zeolite: Structure and Catalytic Selectivity for n-Hexane Aromatization,” N. D. Triantafillou, J. T. Miller, and B. C. Gates, Journal of Catalysis, 155, 131 (1995).
  90. “Propane Conversion in the Presence of Iron- and Manganese-Promoted Sulfated Zirconia: Evidence of Olah Superacid Chemistry,” T.-K. Cheung, F. C. Lange, and B. C. Gates, Catalysis Letters, 34, 351 (1995).
  91. “Synthesis and Characterization of Model MgO Supported Catalysts with Pt-Mo Interactions,” O. Alexeev, S. Kawi, M. Shelef, and B. C. Gates, Journal of Physical Chemistry, 100, 253 (1996).
  92. “Metal Clusters in Zeolites: Nearly Molecular Catalysts for Hydrocarbon Conversion,” B. C. Gates, in Catalysts in Petroleum Refining and Petrochemical Industries 1995, M. Absi-Halabi, J. Beshara, H. Qabazard, and A. Stanislas, Eds., Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis, Vol. 100. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1996, pp. 49-63.
  93. “Butane Disproportionation Catalyzed by Sulfated Zirconia Promoted with Iron and Manganese,” A. S. Zarkalis, C. Y. Hsu, and B. C. Gates, Catalysis Letters, 37, 1 (1996).
  94. “Pentane Isomerization and Disproportionation Catalyzed by Sulfated Zirconia Promoted with Iron and Manganese,” S. Rezgui and B. C. Gates, Catalysis Letters, 37, 5 (1996).
  95. “Hexairidium Clusters Supported on γ-Al2O3: Synthesis, Structure, and Catalytic Activity for Toluene Hydrogenation,” A. Zhao and B. C. Gates, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 118, 2458 (1996).
  96. “Ir/KLTL Zeolites: Structural Characterization and Catalysis of n-Hexane Reforming,” N. D. Triantafillou, S. E. Deutsch, O. Alexeev, J. T. Miller, and B. C. Gates, Journal of Catalysis, 159, 14 (1996).
  97. “Propane Conversion Catalyzed by Sulfated Zirconia, Iron- and Manganese-Promoted Sulfated Zirconia, and USY Zeolite,” T. K. Cheung, F. C. Lange, and B. C. Gates, Journal of Catalysis, 159, 99 (1996).
  98. “Highly dispersed MgO-supported model Pd-Mo catalysts prepared from bimetallic clusters: chemisorption and selective catalytic reduction of NO,” T. E. Hoost, G. W. Graham, M. Shelef, O. Alexeev, and B. C. Gates, Catalysis Letters, 38, 57 (1996).
  99. “Probing the Limits of Structure Insensitivity: Size-dependent Catalytic Activity of Al2O3-supported Iridium Clusters and Particles for Toluene Hydrogenation,” F. S. Xiao, W. A. Weber, O. Alexeev, and B. C. Gates, Proceedings of the 11th International Congress on Catalysis, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1996, part B, p. 1135.
  100. “Low-cost, heated and/or cooled flow-through cell for transmission X-ray absorption spectroscopy,” R. E. Jentoft, S. E. Deutsch, and B. C. Gates, Review of Scientific Instruments, 67, 2111 (1996).
  101. “Catalytic Hydroprocessing of Aromatic Compounds: Effects of Nickel and Vanadium Sulfide Deposits on Reactivities and Reaction Networks,” M. Yumoto, S. G. Kukes, M. T. Klein, and B. C. Gates, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 35, 3203 (1996).
  102. “Supported Ir and Pt Clusters: Reactivity with Oxygen Investigated by Extended X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy,” S. E. Deutsch, J. T. Miller, K. Tomishige, Y. Iwasawa, and B. C. Gates, Journal of Physical Chemistry, 100, 13408 (1996).
  103. “Manganese, Iron, Cobalt, Nickel, and Zinc as Promoters of Sulfated Zirconia for n-Butane Isomerization,” F. C. Lange, T. K. Cheung, and B. C. Gates, Catalysis Letters, 41, 95 (1996).
  104. “Characterization of Porous Lanthanum Oxide Catalysts: Microscopic and spectroscopic Studies,” G. A. M. Hussein and B. C. Gates, Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions, 92, 2425 (1996).
  105. “Ethane Conversion in the Presence of Fe- and Mn-Promoted Sulfated ZrO2: Evidence of Autocatalysis and Oligocondensation Chemistry,” T.K. Cheung and B. C. Gates, Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications, 1996, 1937.
  106. “Supported Pt and Re-Pt on Alumina Prepared by Sol-Gel Synthesis with in-situ Water Formation: Role of Re,” S. Rezgui, R. Jentoft, and B. C. Gates, Journal of Catalysis, 163, 496 (1996).
  107. “MgO-Supported Platinum-Tungsten Catalysts Prepared from Organometallic Precursors: Platinum Clusters Isolated on Dispersed Tungsten,” O. Alexeev, M. Shelef, and B. C. Gates, Journal of Catalysis, 164, 1 (1996).
  108. “Sol-Gel Synthesis of Mixed Oxides of Aluminum and Magnesium with in-situ Water Formation, S. Rezgui and B. C. Gates, Journal of Noncrystalline Solids, 210, 287 (1997).
  109. “MgO-Supported Tetrairidium Clusters: Evidence of the Metal-Support Interface Structure from X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy,” S. E. Deutsch, G. Mestl, H. Knözinger, and B. C. Gates, Journal of Physical Chemistry, 101, 1374 (1997).
  110. “Solid-acid-catalyzed alkane cracking mechanisms: evidence from reactions of small probe molecules,” F. C. Jentoft and B. C. Gates, Topics in Catalysis, 4, 1 (1997).
  111. “Supported Metal Cluster Catalysts,” B. C. Gates in Handbook of Heterogeneous Catalysis (G. Ertl, H. Knözinger, and J. Weitkamp, Eds.), VCH, Volume 2, p. 793, 1997.
  112. “Hydrocarbon Reaction Mechanisms,” D. S. Santilli and B. C. Gates, in Handbook of Heterogeneous Catalysis (G. Ertl, H. Knözinger, and J. Weitkamp, Eds.), VCH, Volume 3, p. 1123, 1997.
  113. “Toluene Hydrogenation Catalyzed by Tetrairidium Clusters Supported on γ-Al2O3,” A. Zhao and B. C. Gates, Journal of Catalysis, 168, 60 (1997).
  114. “γ-Al2O3-Supported Re-Pt Cluster Catalyst Prepared from [Re2Pt(CO)12]: Characterization by Extended X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy and Catalysis of Methylcyclohexane Dehydrogenation,” A. S. Fung, M. J. Kelley, D. C. Koningsberger, and B. C. Gates, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 119, 5877 (1997).
  115. “Probing Metal Oxide Surface Reactivity with Adsorbate Organometallic Chemistry: Formation of Iridium Carbonyl Clusters on γ-Al2O3,” A. Zhao and B. C. Gates, Langmuir, 13, 4024 (1997).
  116. “Activation of Ethane in the Presence of Solid Acids: Sulfated Zirconia, Iron- and Manganese-Promoted Sulfated Zirconia, and Zeolites,” T.K. Cheung and B. C. Gates, Journal of Catalysis, 168, 522 (1997).
  117. “Iridium Clusters in KLTL Zeolite: Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Catalysis of Toluene Hydrogenation and n-Hexane Reforming,” A. Zhao, R. E. Jentoft, and B. C. Gates, Journal of Catalysis, 169, 263 (1997).
  118. “Reactivities in Deep Catalytic Hydrodesulfurization: Challenges, Opportunities, and the Importance of 4-Methyldibenzothiophene and 4,6-Dimethyldibenzothiophene,” B. C. Gates and H. Topsoe, Polyhedron, 16, 3213 (1997).
  119. “Strong Solid-acid catalysts for paraffin conversions,” T. K. Cheung and B. C. Gates, CHEMTECH, September, 1997, 28.
  120. “Near Absence of Support Effects in Toluene Hydrogenation Catalyzed by MgO-Supported Iridium Clusters,” S. E. Deutsch, F. S. Xiao, and B. C. Gates, Journal of Catalysis, 170, 161 (1997).
  121. “Protolytic Cracking of Low-Molecular-Weight Alkanes in the Presence of Iron- and Manganese-Promoted Sulfated Zirconia,” T. K. Cheung, F. C. Lange, J. L. d’Itri, and B. C. Gates,Chemical Engineering Science, 52, 4607 (1997).
  122. “Hexarhodium Clusters in NaY Zeolite: Characterization by Infrared and Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopies,” W. A. Weber and B. C. Gates, Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 101, 10423 (1997).
  123. “Partially Decarbonylated Tetrairidium Clusters on γ-Al2O3: Structural Characterization and Catalysis of Toluene Hydrogenation,” O. Alexeev, G. Panjabi, and B. C. Gates, Journal of Catalysis, 173, 196 (1998).
  124. “n-Pentane Isomerization and Disproportionation Catalyzed by Promoted and Unpromoted Sulfated Zirconia, S. Rezgui, R. E. Jentoft, and B. C. Gates, Catalysis Letters, 51, 229 (1998).
  125. “Sulfated Zirconia and Iron- and Manganese-Promoted Sulfated Zirconia: Do they Protonate Alkanes?” T. K. Cheung and B. C. Gates, Topics in Catalysis, 6, 41 (1998).
  126. “n-Hexane Conversion Catalyzed by Sulfated Zirconia and by Iron- and Manganese-Promoted Sulfated Zirconia: Catalytic Activities, Reaction Networks, and Reaction Mechanism,” S. G. Ryu and B. C. Gates, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 37, 1786 (1998).
  127. “Metal Cluster Catalysts Dispersed on Solid Supports,” B. C. Gates, in R. D. Adams and F. A. Cotton, Eds., “Catalysis by Di- and Polynuclear Metal Cluster Complexes,” VCH, Weinheim, 1998, pp. 509-538.
  128. “Iridium Clusters Supported on γ-Al2O3: Structural Characterization and Catalysis of Toluene Hydrogenation,” O. Alexeev and B. C. Gates, Journal of Catalysis, 176, 310 (1998).
  129. “Surface and Catalytic Properties of Yttrium Oxide: Evidence from Infrared Spectroscopy,” G. A. M. Hussein and B. C. Gates, Journal of Catalysis, 176, 395 (1998).
  130. “Methane Conversion to Ethane in the Presence of Iron- and Manganese-Promoted Sulfated Zirconia,” S. Rezgui, A. Liang, T.-K. Cheung, and B. C. Gates, Catalysis Letters, 53, 1 (1998).
  131. “Spectroscopic and Microscopic Characterization of Iron- and Manganese-Promoted Sulfated Zirconia,” M. Scheithauer, E. Bosch, U. A. Schubert, H. Knözinger, T.-K. Cheung, F. C. Jentoft, B. C. Gates, and B. Tesche, Journal of Catalysis, 177, 137 (1998).
  132. “Platinum Clusters Supported in Zeolite LTL: Influence of Catalyst Morphology on Performance in n-hexane Reforming,” R. E. Jentoft, M. Tsapatsis, M. E. Davis, and B. C. Gates, Journal of Catalysis, 179, 565 (1998).
  133. “Rhodium Supported on Faujasites: Effects of Cluster Size and CO Ligands on Catalytic Activity for Toluene Hydrogenation,” W. A. Weber and B. C. Gates, Journal of Catalysis, 180, 207 (1998).
  134. “Decarbonylation of MgO-Supported PtRh5Clusters Characterized by Infrared and Extended X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopies,” O.-B. Yang, M. Shirai, W. A. Weber, and B. C. Gates, Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 102, 8771 (1998).
  135. “Characterization of WOx/ZrO2 by Vibrational Spectroscopy and n-Pentane Isomerization Catalysis,” M. Scheithauer, T.-K. Cheung, R. E. Jentoft, R. K. Grasselli, B. C. Gates, and H. Knözinger, Journal of Catalysis, 180, 1 (1998).
  136. “NaY Zeolite-Supported Rhodium and Iridium Cluster Catalysts: Identification by X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy during Propene Hydrogenation Catalysis,” W. A. Weber, A. Zhao, and B. C. Gates, Journal of Catalysis, 182, 13 (1999).
  137. “Rh-Pt Clusters and Aggregates on MgO: Catalysts for Toluene Hydrogenation,” M. Shirai, O.-B. Yang, W. A. Weber, and B. C. Gates, Journal of Catalysis, 182, 274 (1999).
  138. “Corrosive Chemisorption of [PtRh5(CO)15]– on MgO,” W. A. Weber, O.-B. Yang, M. Shirai, and B. C. Gates, Langmuir, 15, 2234 (1999).
  139. “Probing Metal Oxide Surface Reactivity with Adsorbate Organometallic Chemistry: Formation of Iridium Carbonyl Clusters on La2O3,” N. D. Triantafillou and B. C. Gates, Langmuir, 15, 2595 (1999).
  140. “A Surface Site as Polydentate Ligand of a Metal Complex: Density Functional Studies of Rhenium Subcarbonyls Supported on Magnesium Oxide,” A. Hu, K. M. Neyman, M. Staufer, T. Belling, B. C. Gates, and N. Rösch, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 121, 4522 (1999).
  141. “Catalysis,” B. C. Gates, in Concise Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Wiley, New York, pp. 355-358, 1999.
  142. “Temperature Dependence of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Chemical Shifts of 129Xe in the a-Cages of NaY Zeolite,” A. Labouriau, T. Pietrass, W. A. Weber, B. C. Gates, and W. L. Earl, Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 103, 4323 (1999).
  143. “Faujasite-Supported Ir4Clusters: a Density Functional Model Study of Metal-Zeolite Interactions,” A. M. Ferrari, K. M. Neyman, M. Mayer, M. Staufer, B. C. Gates, and N. Rösch,Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 103, 5311 (1999).
  144. “Temperature-Programmed Desorption of Hydrogen from Platinum Particles on γ-Al2O3: Evidence of Platinum-Catalyzed Dehydroxylation of γ-Al2O3,” O. Alexeev, D.-W. Kim, G. W. Graham, M. Shelef, and B. C. Gates, Journal of Catalysis, 185, 170 (1999).
  145. “Supported Iridium Cluster Catalysts for Propene Hydrogenation: Identification by X-Ray Absorption Spectra Measured During Catalysis,” G. Panjabi, A. M. Argo, and B. C. Gates,Chemistry, a European Journal, 5, 2417 (1999).
  146. “129Xe NMR Spectroscopy of Metal Carbonyl Clusters and Metal Clusters in Zeolite NaY,” A. Labouriau, G. Panjabi, B. Enderle, T. Pietrass, B. C. Gates, and W. L. Earl, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 121, 7674 (1999).
  147. “Supported Metal Cluster Catalysts,” B. C. Gates in Preparation of Solid Catalysts (G. Ertl, H. Knözinger, and J. Weitkamp, Eds.), VCH Weinheim, 1999.
  148. “Molecular Intracage Chemistry: [Rh6(CO)15]2- in Zeolite NaX,” W. A. Weber, B. L. Phillips, and B. C. Gates, Chemistry a European Journal, 5, 2899 (1999).
  149. “γ-Al2O3-Supported Pt Catalysts with Extremely high Dispersions: Characterization by Infrared Spectroscopy,” O. S. Alexeev, G. W. Graham, D. W. Kim, M. Shelef, and B. C. Gates,Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 1, 5725 (1999).

 

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