Photos of a lateral load testing program on steel pipe piles near the San Francisco – Oakland Bay Bridge, in 1994.
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![LLT P1-Labeled](https://research.engineering.ucdavis.edu/gpa/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2015/02/LLT-P1-Labeled-300x196.jpg)
The heads of several 2-foot diameter steel pipe piles (numbered with white paint) extend 2 or 3 feet above the ground surface.
![LLT P2-Labeled](https://research.engineering.ucdavis.edu/gpa/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2015/02/LLT-P2-Labeled-300x197.jpg)
Close-up of the head of pile No. 1 during a load test. A horizontal loading rod connects the pile head (via the reaction plates that have been welded on) to a hydraulic ram on the right side of this photo. The vertical blue plastic pipe is a slope inclinometer tube that extends down inside the steel pipe pile (which has been infilled with reinforced concrete). Notice the inclinometer cable extending from inside the blue inclinometer tube, over a pulley and into the rain shelter in the background. To the left of the pile, a pair of displacement transducers measure horizontal movement of the pile head.
![LLT P3-Labeled](https://research.engineering.ucdavis.edu/gpa/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2015/02/LLT-P3-Labeled-199x300.jpg)
This hydraulic piston connects the heads of 2 piles. The two piles react off of each other, and thus 2 lateral load tests are completed simultaneously.
![LLT P4-Labeled](https://research.engineering.ucdavis.edu/gpa/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2015/02/LLT-P4-Labeled-300x194.jpg)
View of the pile head showing the loading rod and inclinometer tube. Notice that the loading rod has a load cell (silver cylinder) between it and the pile.